E Commerce

Web based business points of interest and disservices E-trade gives numerous better approaches to organizations and customers to convey and lead business. There are various favorable circumstances and detriments of leading business as such. Web based business focal points Some focal points that can be accomplished from web based business include: †¢Being ready to lead business 24 x 7 x 365 . Online business frameworks can work throughout the day consistently. Your physical retail facade shouldn't be open all together for clients and providers to work with you electronically. Access the worldwide commercial center . The Internet traverses the world, and it is conceivable to work with any business or individual who is associated with the Internet. Straightforward nearby organizations, for example, master record stores can market and sell their contributions globally utilizing online business. This worldwide open door is helped by the way that, in contrast to customary specialized techniques, clients are not charged by the separation over which they are imparting. Speed. Electronic correspondences permit messages to cross the world immediately. There is no compelling reason to trust that an index will show up by post: that correspondences delay isn't a piece of the Internet/web based business world. †¢Marketspace. The market wherein online organizations work is the worldwide market. It may not be obvious to them, yet numerous organizations are as of now confronting worldwide rivalry from web-empowered organizations. †¢Opportunity to diminish costs. The Internet makes it simple to ‘shop around' for items and administrations that might be less expensive or more compelling than we may somehow or another settle for. It is in some cases conceivable to, through some online exploration, recognize unique producers for certain merchandise †subsequently bypassing wholesalers and accomplishing a less expensive cost. †¢Computer stage autonomous . ‘Many, if not most, PCs can impart by means of the Internet free of working frameworks and equipment. Clients are not constrained by existing equipment frameworks' (Gascoyne and Ozcubukcu, 1997:87). †¢Efficient applications advancement condition †‘In numerous regards, applications can be all the more effectively created and dispersed on the grounds that the can be worked regardless of the client's or the colleague's innovation stage. Application refreshes don't need to be physically introduced on PCs. Or maybe, Internet-related advancements give this capacity characteristically through programmed sending of programming updates' (Gascoyne and Ozcubukcu, 1997:87). Permitting client self assistance and ‘customer redistributing'. Individuals can connect with organizations at any hour of the day that it is helpful to them, and in light of the fact that these communications are started by clients, the clients additionally give a ton of the information for the exchange that may some way or another should be entered by business staff. This implies a portion of the work and expenses are viably moved to clients; this is alluded to as ‘customer re-appropriating'. †¢Stepping past outskirts to a worldwide view. Utilizing parts of internet business innovation can mean your business can source and use items and administrations gave by different organizations in different nations. This appears glaringly evident enough to state, yet individuals don't generally consider the ramifications of online business. For instance, from multiple points of view it very well may be simpler and less expensive to have and work some online business exercises outside Australia. Further, in light of the fact that numerous internet business exchanges include charge cards, numerous organizations in Australia need to make courses of action for tolerating on the web installments. Anyway various significant Australian banks have would in general be unhelpful slow pokes on this front, charging a great deal of cash and making it hard to build up these courses of action †especially for littler organizations as well as organizations that don't fit into a customary economy comprehension of business. Now and again, along these lines, it tends to be simpler and less expensive to set up game plans which sidestep this part of the Australian financial framework. In fact, this can make some ill defined situations for lawful and tax collection purposes, however these can be managed. Furthermore, yes these conditions do have suggestions for Australia's national intensity and the seriousness of our enterprises and organizations. As a further idea, numerous organizations think that its simpler to purchase and sell in U. S. dollars: it is successfully the significant cash of the Internet. In this specific circumstance, worldwide online clients can discover the idea of particular and new monetary forms perplexing. A few organizations discover they can accomplish more significant expenses on the web and in US dollars than they would accomplish selling locally or broadly. Given that banks regularly charge expenses for changing over monetary standards, this is another motivation to examine the entirety of your (national and worldwide) choices for tolerating and making on the web installments. In a nutshell, it is valuable to take a worldwide view with respect the potential and association of your online business exercises, particularly in the event that you are focusing on worldwide clients. †¢A new showcasing channel. The Internet gives a significant new channel to offer to shoppers. Peterson et al. 1999) recommend that, as a promoting channel, the Internet has the accompanying qualities: †¢the capacity to reasonably store huge measures of data at various virtual areas †¢the accessibility of incredible and modest methods for looking, arranging, and spreading such data †¢interactivity and the capacity to give data on request †¢the capacity to give perceptual encounters that are far better than a printed list, despite the fact t hat not as rich as close to home assessment †¢the ability to fill in as an exchange medium the capacity to fill in as a physical circulation vehicle for specific merchandise (e. g. , programming) †¢relatively low passage and foundation costs for dealers †¢no other existing showcasing channel has these qualities. A portion of these points of interest and their encompassing issues are talked about beneath in further detail. Online business detriments and limitations Some burdens and requirements of internet business incorporate the accompanying. †¢Time for conveyance of physical items . It is conceivable to visit a nearby music store and exit with a conservative circle, or a book shop and leave with a book. Internet business is regularly used to purchase products that are not accessible locally from organizations everywhere throughout the world, implying that physical merchandise should be conveyed, which requires some investment and costs cash. Now and again there are ways around this, for instance, with electronic records of the music or books being gotten to over the Internet, yet then these are not physical merchandise. †¢Physical item, provider and conveyance vulnerability . At the point when you leave a shop with a thing, it's yours. You have it; you recognize what it is, the place it is and what it looks like. In certain regards web based business buys are made on trust. This is on the grounds that, right off the bat, not having had physical access to the item, a buy is made on a desire for what that item is and its condition. Besides, in light of the fact that providing organizations can be directed over the world, it tends to be dubious whether they are genuine organizations and are not simply going to take your cash. It's really difficult to thump on their entryway to grumble or look for lawful response! Thirdly, regardless of whether the thing is sent, it is anything but difficult to begin pondering whether it will ever show up. †¢Perishable merchandise . Disregard requesting a solitary gelato frozen yogurt from a shop in Rome! In spite of the fact that particular or refrigerated vehicle can be utilized, merchandise purchased and sold by means of the Internet will in general be solid and durable: they have to endure the excursion from the provider to the buying industry or buyer. This moves the inclination for transitory or potentially non-strong products back towards customary gracefully chain courses of action, or towards generally increasingly nearby web based business based buys, deals and appropriation. Conversely, tough merchandise can be exchanged from nearly anybody to nearly any other individual, starting rivalry at lower costs. At times this prompts disintermediation wherein delegate individuals and organizations are avoided by shoppers and by different organizations that are looking to buy all the more straightforwardly from makers. †¢Limited and chosen tactile data. The Internet is a viable course for visual and sound-related data: seeing pictures, hearing sounds and understanding content. Anyway it doesn't permit full extension for our faculties: we can see photos of the blossoms, however not smell their scent; we can see photos of a sledge, yet not feel its weight or equalization. Further, when we get and examine something, we pick what we take a gander at and what we look like at it. This isn't the situation on the Internet. In the event that we were taking a gander at purchasing a vehicle on the Internet, we would see the photos the merchant had decided for us to see yet not the things we may search for on the off chance that we had the option to see it face to face. What's more, considering our different faculties, we can't test the vehicle to hear the sound of the motor as it switches gears or sense the smell and feel of the calfskin seats. There are numerous manners by which the Internet doesn't pass on the extravagance of encounters of the world. This absence of tactile data implies that individuals are regularly considerably more open to purchasing through the Internet nonexclusive products †things that they have seen or experienced previously and about which there is little uncertainty, as opposed to extraordinary or complex things. †¢Returning products. Returning merchandise online can be a region of trouble. The vulnerabilities encompassing the underlying installment and conveyance of products can be exacerbated in this procedure. Will the products return to their source? Who pays for the arrival postage? Will the discount be paid? Will I be left with nothing? To what extent will it take? Balance this with the disconnected understanding of returning products to a shop. †¢Privacy, security, paymen

The levels of organizational change readiness

The degrees of hierarchical change availability This section will show my contrived system of the change model to survey the degree of availability for change at AFH,across divisions and units; to answer the major and minor research questions; and to accomplish the examination objective. The concocted structure will be inspected and assessed by the utilization of its various factors in this paper. This section will represent the examination issue, inspecting technique, suggestions and information investigation strategy. 3.2 Problem Statement Senior administration chose to bring new gear into all divisions over the clinic. This has been a significant change venture that began in 2007. The principle preferences of this change remember a decrease for the pace of human mistake and an expansion in the creation of patient reports. Notwithstanding the positive effect this change would have on the methods of working in the medical clinic, representatives had not been educated regarding any change preceding it being presented, and were in this manner not prepared to acknowledge the better approaches for working. Explanations behind this absence of acknowledgment will be talked about later in this paper, including: No correspondence between senior administration and their staff. (Kotter, 2007). Preparing not being made accessible to all staff. (Lehman et al, 2002). Individuals opposing change because of both absence of capacity and information, and their contending responsibility of the huge suppositions they will have made with respect to the change procedure. (Kegan and Lahey, 2001). Powerless administration style, for instance, not including representatives in the dynamic procedure. (Garvin and Roberto, 2001). Powerless initiative style, for example, not plainly clarifying the new vision that would originate from the change (Garvin and Roberto, 2001). The degree of status for change at AFH will be surveyed and assessed by applying the change preparation model from the writing with the goal that the association can accomplish its objective of a finishing an effective change process. What's more, AFH is experiencing further authoritative change supplanting existing chiefs with new administrators and another structure, in view of the choice of the Ministry of Defense Headquarters in 2010. This change has been executed in the organization division at AFH just as across different offices and units. A portion of the divisions have expanded in size and different offices have needed to raise staffing levels because of the expanded number of patients every year. Objectives of the Armed Forces Hospital (AFH): To increase upper hand through improving the nature of work-stream by meeting the patients needs using exceptionally specific and state-of-the-art hardware; to guarantee the exactness of results and to diminish the pace of human blunder; to deliver an expanded degree of patient outcomes all the more effectively. 3.3 Research Objective: The primary goal of the theory is to consider the degree of hierarchical change status in various divisions of the emergency clinic. Making an acknowledgment for the need to actualize change in the various branches of the clinic will bring about the association accomplishing its objective of improving the nature of work to treat more patients in less time. which thus will prompt more noteworthy patient and representative fulfillment. To make helpful proposals. To get familiar with status for change at AFH. 3.4 Conceptual Framework The conceived structure is a blend of the Transformational Change Model, John P. Kotter (2007) and the Model of Change Program, Simpson (2002). The calculated system has six factors that influence the degree of preparation for change for our situation study association (AFH) in Kuwait. We will utilize both subjective (semi-organized meetings) and quantitative (overviews) strategies for research to gather our information. Staff Empowerment Authority Skills Correspondence PC accessibility web get to Sufficient qualified staff Sufficient Budget Sufficient space for every worker Collaboration Vision Hierarchical Resources Status for hierarchical change Figure 3.1 Conceptual Framework 3.4.1 Dependent Variable of the Model as the accompanying Prepared for Organizational Change Judge and Douglas (2009) have characterized representative availability for change as the degree to which an individual or people are subjectively and genuinely slanted to acknowledge, grasp and receive a specific arrangement to intentionally modify the norm. (Judge and Douglas, 2009, P. 637). Arlbjorn et al (2006) have characterized change status in an association that the member increases a comprehension of the need to make change in the association and show an eagerness to partake in the change. (Arlbjorn et al, 2006, P. 129). He alludes to the significance of staff contribution in the entire excursion of the change procedure (Arlbjorn et al, 2006). He likewise alludes to the significance of hierarchical arrangement where workers from various branches of the association take part in the change procedure and talk about shared issues and issues during bunch works out. (Arlbjorn et al, 2006, P. 133). An association that includes its workers at all levels and which has hierarchical arrangement during the change procedure has a satisfactory degree of association status for change. Our exploration will evaluate the hierarchical preparation for change through a study of 20 inquiries to survey workers by and large availability for change, and 26 meetings to discover the impact and the connection of the 6 distinctive free factors of our model on the authoritative status for change. 3.4.2 Independent Variables of the Model as the accompanying Strengthening: Associations are presently confronting intense rivalry in a fierce outside condition. So as to guarantee their endurance they have to have supported upper hand apparent advantages and points of interest over their rivals. Upper hand gives an association the capacity to expand the estimation of the organization for its partners. There is a need to change the manner in which they work by moving endlessly from the conventional hierarchal and bureaucratic model of association to the assignment of duties to representatives and giving greater responsibility further down the progressive system to the principal line workers (Beer et al, 1990). This is finished by urging representatives to settle on increasingly autonomous choices at work without the need to continually allude to their bosses. Menon (2001) characterized representative strengthening as the exchange of hierarchical force, invigorating supporters through administration, upgrading self-adequacy through diminishing feebleness and expanding inborn undertaking inspiration (Menon, 2001, P. 154). Strengthening has been utilized to give the demonstration of enabling others and furthermore to depict the inner procedure of the individual being engaged for example mental strengthening. Strengthening implies the appointing of duties to different workers in dynamic that won't just inspire them however make them increasingly imaginative towards the new change venture which will build work independence and cause work advancement (Menon, 2001, P. 155). A decent pioneer consistently engages their staff so as to play out their work and settle on free choices. Administration: Administration is a relationship through which one individual impacts the conduct or activities of others (Crossman, 2007, P. 514). Another definition is the capacity to impact a gathering toward the accomplishment of objectives (Robbins, 2005, P. 332). Consumes (1978) has described transformational initiative through the accompanying attributes: Changes the state of affairs Ready to change the association In view of imagination and development Reason to incite responsibility of the pioneer and the staff also to the change procedure In a fruitful transformational process we have to recognize the significance of administration aptitudes, for example, compelling correspondence, designation of duties to different workers and responsibility. Present day change speculations have stressed both the significance of and the job of a vital change pioneer in an association who upgrades the interest and collaboration of their partners in the dynamic procedure. This is not normal for the customary change hypotheses where the accentuation was on the chief for the everyday activity of the business (Almaraz, 1994). Likewise there is a need to have senior administration backing and responsibility towards the change procedure to make the necessary degree of status in an association. In a fruitful change process it is imperative to build up a change venture by having capable workers and by having participative pioneers that empower specific preparing for their staff as opposed to mandate administrators to gain change (Arlbjorn et al, 2006). A change head must know the procedure of change and skill to make and convey a reasonable change message to workers. This message decides the idea of the change and shows how representatives respond diversely to the change procedure (Armenakis and Harris. 2002). Change pioneers should likewise realize how to address any inquiries or concerns staff have with respect to the requirement for change in an appropriate, persuading way. They should have the option to give unmistakable proof to pick up the help of their workers and their promise to the change procedure (Armenakis and Harris. 2002). Correspondence: Correspondence in an association is the best wellspring of learning and building up any change procedure. Normal gatherings, meetings and instructive projects would all be able to encourage learning and increment the competency levels of staffing so as to arrive at the hierarchical objective of having a fruitful change and satisfactory degree of availability for change (Beer et al, 1990). A change chief must impart the change message to representatives all the time. They should realize how to acquaint them with, and persuade them regarding the new change vision through ordinary gatherings to talk about business related issues, the new change plan and techniques on how

Generating and Pitching Story Ideas

Generating and Pitching Story Ideas With the ubiquitous presence of the Internet, coming up with story pitches and finding out where to pitch them has never been easier. There are publications for just about any hobby, industry, quirk, fetish, subculture and subject you could possibly think of. And resources abound for reaching them.Unlike assignments, with pitches you get to propose writing about something you choose. So think about what you would like to write aboutâ€"stamp collecting? Minorities in the construction industry? Your personal experience with heartbreak? Whatever the subject is, you should be ready to research it, interview people about it and spend a lot of time thinking about it.Nothing new under the sunOf course, whatever it is youve thought of pitching, chances are its been written about before. So you have to find out where and how. Lexis-Nexis, usually available at the local library, is an excellent way to research articles on a certain subject. Google searches on the Web or archive searches on reg istered websites for major publications (which is usually free, although pulling up the archived stories in full may not be) can also give you a reasonable body of material. And plenty of websites with articles on that subject will pop up for free. Also check for organizations that relate to that topic, because they often list articles as well.Shape your pitch with a new angleYou dont have to search for every story written on the subject since the dawn of time. Lets say its a pitch about women in the construction industry. Dont worry about the articles written on this subject that date back more than five years ago. Thats ancient history in the world of publications. Youll probably find a good selection of stories written in major dailies and small weeklies within the past five years, but thats where the next tip comes in.Lets say you find that the New York Times has published a story about the struggles of women to succeed in the construction industry. Does that mean your pitch is already taken? Absolutely not. What it means is that you read the story, get a sense of what it did cover, and shape your pitch so that it will cover a whole new angle or idea that the Times story didnt. Did the Times story talk about women who faced discrimination and went on to own their own firms? Then think about interviewing women who dont own their own firms, but who operate cranes or weld iron. Youll look for women whose stories werent told by the Times. Even if the issue of discrimination is the same, every individuals story is different. Just as good literature offers new twists to old plots, so you can offer new twists to subjects of articles.Also, consider localizing a story for a local publication. Journalists for smaller hometown newspapers often take a story of national interest and apply it to their hometown readers. For example, the Atkins Diet is a nation-wide trend, but you could interview local bakeries about whether theyre losing business, and pitch the story to the editor of a local publication.Now you have to find publications to pitch your great idea to. Fortunately, its not nearly as tough as pitching your book to publishers. I pitched several stories successfully to the New York Times Money Business section via e-mail. This was made possible by nothing more than having the right name and e-mail address. A colleague had the email and name of the Money Business editor. I sent the guy an email with a story proposal that he accepted.Editors, especially at dailies, will be typically harried and easily distracted from strange e-mails. So you have to get straight to the point, while still being polite. Make it clear in the header that you are pitching a story about thus-and-so. Dont ramble on in the body; if the editor wants to know more about your credentials or history, he or she will ask for it. Just pitch the story, emphasizing why it would be something the publications audience will eat up with their coffee or lunch. I believe this top ic/angle/knowledge would be of great interest to your readers because…. Attaching your resume wouldnt hurt, and you can offer to send examples of your writing if the editor wants to follow up.You can also, of course, use snail mail. Be aware, though, that particularly busy editors may take more time to plow through stacks of envelopes than to browse their email inboxes.If there is a particular publication you want to work for, call their main number and ask for editorial. You should be able to find out fairly quickly whether they are accepting freelance articles or not. Checking the website for that publication may also answer the question.An excellent online resource for insider tips on pitching to specific publications is at mediabistro.com. It does require a paid membership, though registration to access job listings that may include freelance opportunities is free. The pitch tips feature a specific publication each day and tell you what the deal is.Take the time to read throug h a particular publication to get a sense of what kind of stories it wants. Editors find it very irritating to receive unsolicited pitches that arent appropriate for their publication. Dont assume! For example, I edit transportation stories for a weekly construction magazine. I look for stories about building major highways, bridges, rail systems and airports. If somebody sends me a pitch about manufacturing the next generation of clean-air buses, that means they didnt take them to glance through the magazine and realize that we dont cover that industry. The pitcher only saw the title transportation editor and made an assumption.That writer, however, could probably do a bit more research and find out that there are indeed several magazines that cater to the suppliers, builders and users of clean-air buses. The writer could also check out publications whose main audiences consists of concerned usersâ€"i.e. environmentalistsâ€"and pitch the story with emissions in mind. It will be a s lightly different pitch to the publication who caters to transit agency officials who buy the buses.When you show that youve taken the time to find out a little bit about a given publication and thus pitch it a story that would work for its readership, youre inherently advertising that youre a good journalist and writer who does your homework.

Generating and Pitching Story Ideas

Generating and Pitching Story Ideas With the ubiquitous presence of the Internet, coming up with story pitches and finding out where to pitch them has never been easier. There are publications for just about any hobby, industry, quirk, fetish, subculture and subject you could possibly think of. And resources abound for reaching them.Unlike assignments, with pitches you get to propose writing about something you choose. So think about what you would like to write aboutâ€"stamp collecting? Minorities in the construction industry? Your personal experience with heartbreak? Whatever the subject is, you should be ready to research it, interview people about it and spend a lot of time thinking about it.Nothing new under the sunOf course, whatever it is youve thought of pitching, chances are its been written about before. So you have to find out where and how. Lexis-Nexis, usually available at the local library, is an excellent way to research articles on a certain subject. Google searches on the Web or archive searches on reg istered websites for major publications (which is usually free, although pulling up the archived stories in full may not be) can also give you a reasonable body of material. And plenty of websites with articles on that subject will pop up for free. Also check for organizations that relate to that topic, because they often list articles as well.Shape your pitch with a new angleYou dont have to search for every story written on the subject since the dawn of time. Lets say its a pitch about women in the construction industry. Dont worry about the articles written on this subject that date back more than five years ago. Thats ancient history in the world of publications. Youll probably find a good selection of stories written in major dailies and small weeklies within the past five years, but thats where the next tip comes in.Lets say you find that the New York Times has published a story about the struggles of women to succeed in the construction industry. Does that mean your pitch is already taken? Absolutely not. What it means is that you read the story, get a sense of what it did cover, and shape your pitch so that it will cover a whole new angle or idea that the Times story didnt. Did the Times story talk about women who faced discrimination and went on to own their own firms? Then think about interviewing women who dont own their own firms, but who operate cranes or weld iron. Youll look for women whose stories werent told by the Times. Even if the issue of discrimination is the same, every individuals story is different. Just as good literature offers new twists to old plots, so you can offer new twists to subjects of articles.Also, consider localizing a story for a local publication. Journalists for smaller hometown newspapers often take a story of national interest and apply it to their hometown readers. For example, the Atkins Diet is a nation-wide trend, but you could interview local bakeries about whether theyre losing business, and pitch the story to the editor of a local publication.Now you have to find publications to pitch your great idea to. Fortunately, its not nearly as tough as pitching your book to publishers. I pitched several stories successfully to the New York Times Money Business section via e-mail. This was made possible by nothing more than having the right name and e-mail address. A colleague had the email and name of the Money Business editor. I sent the guy an email with a story proposal that he accepted.Editors, especially at dailies, will be typically harried and easily distracted from strange e-mails. So you have to get straight to the point, while still being polite. Make it clear in the header that you are pitching a story about thus-and-so. Dont ramble on in the body; if the editor wants to know more about your credentials or history, he or she will ask for it. Just pitch the story, emphasizing why it would be something the publications audience will eat up with their coffee or lunch. I believe this top ic/angle/knowledge would be of great interest to your readers because…. Attaching your resume wouldnt hurt, and you can offer to send examples of your writing if the editor wants to follow up.You can also, of course, use snail mail. Be aware, though, that particularly busy editors may take more time to plow through stacks of envelopes than to browse their email inboxes.If there is a particular publication you want to work for, call their main number and ask for editorial. You should be able to find out fairly quickly whether they are accepting freelance articles or not. Checking the website for that publication may also answer the question.An excellent online resource for insider tips on pitching to specific publications is at mediabistro.com. It does require a paid membership, though registration to access job listings that may include freelance opportunities is free. The pitch tips feature a specific publication each day and tell you what the deal is.Take the time to read throug h a particular publication to get a sense of what kind of stories it wants. Editors find it very irritating to receive unsolicited pitches that arent appropriate for their publication. Dont assume! For example, I edit transportation stories for a weekly construction magazine. I look for stories about building major highways, bridges, rail systems and airports. If somebody sends me a pitch about manufacturing the next generation of clean-air buses, that means they didnt take them to glance through the magazine and realize that we dont cover that industry. The pitcher only saw the title transportation editor and made an assumption.That writer, however, could probably do a bit more research and find out that there are indeed several magazines that cater to the suppliers, builders and users of clean-air buses. The writer could also check out publications whose main audiences consists of concerned usersâ€"i.e. environmentalistsâ€"and pitch the story with emissions in mind. It will be a s lightly different pitch to the publication who caters to transit agency officials who buy the buses.When you show that youve taken the time to find out a little bit about a given publication and thus pitch it a story that would work for its readership, youre inherently advertising that youre a good journalist and writer who does your homework.

Palm Beach International Airport Free Essay Example, 2500 words

This paper tells that Palm Beach International Airport currently serves nearly six million passengers a year, non-stop service, to over 35 destinations with its three asphalt runways, the main terminal, and three concourses. On December 17th, 2009, the runway designations and markings were changed to 10L/28R (10008 * 150 ft) for primary commercial aircraft and is capable of supporting single wheel, double wheel, and double tandem aircraft operations of 85000 to 400000 pounds, the runway is equipped with an Instrument Landing System, with a 4 light PAPI and it uses a medium intensity approach lighting system. Runway10R/28L (3213 * 75 ft) is for non-jet general aviation traffic and is capable of supporting single wheel aircraft operations of 25,000 pounds; it uses a 4 light PAPI on right and has Runway end identifier lights. The only crosswind runway 14/32 (6931 * 150ft) is capable of handling single wheel to double tandem wheel aircraft of 85,000 to 400,000 pounds respectively, it is a non-precision runway and has a 4 light PAPI on the right. General distresses on the runways include cracking, weathering, and swelling but at very low levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Palm Beach International Airport or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Palm Beach International Airport recently completed an expansion project which doubled their TSA Screening size and also expanded their immigration process to speed up all passenger queues.

Advantages And Limitations Of Each Source Of Finance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 4966 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? This assignment covers all detail about sources of finance. The aim of the research is to identify different sources of finance like short-term finance, medium-term finance and long-term finance. The first part of the assignment gives you an introduction about sources of finance. The second part covers short-term sources of finance and their advantages and limitations. The third part covers medium-term sources of finance and their advantages and disadvantages. And the last part covers long-term sources of finance and its merits and demerits. Sources of Finance Introduction As you know food is necessary for human life. Similarly finance is the heart of any business. It is most important for modern business, which requires huge capital. Finance could be needed for new businesses, when they recover a cash flow problem, new machinery, set up a new plant or takeover another business. Generally funds required for businesses are classified into short term, medium term and long term. In this section we look at the different source of finance and see the advantages and limitations of each. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Advantages And Limitations Of Each Source Of Finance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Business Leasing Public Deposit Mortgage Shares -Equity Share -Preference Share Debentures Retained Earning Commercial Bank Loan Borrowing Trade Credit Overdraft Bill Discounting Customers Advances Instalment Credits Loan from Co-operative banks Short Term Source Long Term Source Medium Term Source Sources of Finance Short Term Sources of Finance Definition When we want to establish a new business, it is essential to know the amount of finance required. Some sources are overdraft, customer advances, loan from co-operatives, cash and trade credit etc. that make money for short time. It is called short-term source of finance. Generally Short-term is only for 1 year. In this section we learn about above source of finance and their relative advantages and limitations. Short-term sources of finance: Trade Credit Overdraft Discounting of bills Customers advances Instalment Credit Loan from co-operative bank Trade Credit : Providing business customers with time to arrange for the payment of goods they have already received. This period is one of the interest free credit. It is a costly source of finance. Trade credit is used when the buyer is not able to pay the real cost of goods. 1Trade credit refers to credit granted to manufactures and traders by the suppliers of the raw materials, finished goods, components etc. Usually business enterprises by supplies on a 30 to 90 days credit. Advantages of Trade Credit: If new business start up has trade credit, they will not need more money in capital. It is a good idea to someone who want to start a new business with less money. You can buy goods and make payment later when you sold all the goods and get some money or make a good profit. The time period may be after 25-30 days. Business can look in good position without having any serious trouble in immediate payment, which may set them back. Trade Credit improve the cash flow and provide easy platform for business. With the trade credit, business can focus on other area like sales, marketing and other research. Trade credit is available only with purchase of raw material or finished goods. The term and conditions of trade credit very according to the custom and usage of trade. Disadvantages of Trade Credit: If repayments are not made by in time, the business will receive a very bad credit history. They will not trusted in the future, if your business require any loan or trade credit. If company has a good credit history, it will get trade credit but these can be hard to build up for new business. Overdraft : It is a common source of short term finance because of its flexibility. When borrowed fund are not require longer time they can pay easily and quick. The risks to the lender are less then a long term loan because it is very cheap. 2When a bank allows its depositors or account holders to withdraw money in excess of the balance in his account upto a specified limit, it is known as overdraft facility. This limit is granted purely on the basis of credit-worthiness of the borrower. Advantages of Overdraft: Flexible 3 An overdraft is there when you need it and cost is zero (in case of small fee) when you do not need. It allows you to make essential payments whilst chasing up your own payments, and helps to maintain cash flow. Quick It is very easy and quick to arrange, providing a good cash flow backup with the minimum of fuss. It allow to make essential payment whilst chasing up your own payment and help to maintain cash flow. You only need to borrow what you need at that time. Disadvantages of Overdraft: Cost Sometimes it carry very higher interest rates and fees then loan. This makes them very expensive. Recall The bank can take back the entire overdraft amount at any time if you have broken terms and conditions or it may happen if you fail to make other payment. Security Overdraft may need to be secured against your business assets, which put them at risk if you fail in repayment. Bill Discounting : Some bank provide short-term loan by discounting bill of exchange. In such cases bank deduct discount while making payment. The amount of discount is generally equal to the amount of interest for the remaining period of payment. The advantages and disadvantages from this source are following. 4When these document is presented before the bank for discounting, banks credit the amount to customers account after deducting discount. The amount of discount is equal to the amount of interest for the period of bill. Advantages of Bill Discounting: Availability of cash The drawer gets cash immediately by the discounting bill. He does not have to wait for the payment until the expiry of credit period mansion on the bill. Security Bank normally do not ask for any other security while making payment against the bill discounted. However if customer is interested, banks also grant him limit for discounting of bill. This limit is identify as a limit against discounting bill. Nature of liability for repayment Repayment of money advanced against discounted bill is the responsibility of the drawee of bill of exchange. In case drawee does not pay or refuse the pay, the drawer who got payment after discounting the bill is held responsible for payment. Disadvantages of Bill Discounting: Advance payment of interest While discounting a bill, bank deduct the discount and balance is credited in customers account. This discount is similar to the amount of interest for the remaining period of payment. Thus a person receiving money through discounting of bill has to offer advance interest on the amount of bill. Facility is subject to the parties credit Normally banks extend this facility after being satisfied with the credit of parties involved. Bank may be ask for some security. So, it is not a easy available facility. Problem when non-payment Bills not paid upon maturity are to be certified by Notary Public and a certain amount in the form of nothing is paid. Thus it became an additional burden. Customers Advances : The advance make by the customer against the value of order placed. Thus the remaining amount of goods to be supplied later. Let see more details about the advantages and limitations. Advantages of Customers Advances: Interest Free Amount offered as advance is interest free. Hence the funds are available without any involving problem. No Security The seller is not required to deposit any major security while demanding advance from the customer. Thus assets remain free of charge. Repayment Ones money received in advance will not be refunded. Hence there are no procedures for repayment. Disadvantages of Customers Advances: Limited amount Amount received from a customer is subject to the value of order. Borrowers demand may be more then the advance amount. Limited Period The period of advance amount is only up to the delivery goods. It cannot be renewed. Penalty Normally advances are subject to the condition that if goods are not delivered on time then order would be cancelled and advance amount would be refunded with interest. Instalment Credit : Instalment credit is a system under which a small payment is made at the time of taking the goods and remaining amount is paid in instalment. Generally instalment amount is including of interest. The advantages and limitations of this system are as under: Advantages of Instalment Credit: Ownership of asset Delivery of good is assured immediately on payment of down payment. Convenient payment of assets Costly assets which can not purchase directly with full payment can be purchase by instalment payment. Saving of one time investment If the price of asset is high and lumpsum amount is made then the business fund are blocked. In this case instalment credit leads to saving of one time investment. More facility for business If the facility of payment in instalment is available then business firm can afford to by new furniture, machinery or other necessary things. Thus, your business reputation looked in good condition by instalment credit. Disadvantages of Instalment Credit: Commitment for payment Payment in instalment is a commitment. So you have to pay your instalment in whatever condition of your business. Necessary to pay interest Payment of interest is necessary in this system. Generally sellers charge very high rate of interest. More interest If buyer fail to pay the instalment, seller sometimes impose penalty or additional interest. Loan from Co-operative bank : Co-operatives banks are good source of short-term finance. Membership is the primary condition for securing loan in this bank. This bank grant loans for personal and business purposes too. The advantages and limitations of this bank are as under: Advantages of Loan from Co-operative bank: These loans create a sense of thrift among the low-income group. Being a member of co-operative bank, the borrower can participate in the management. Loan generally granted at a lower rate of interest. Loan from this banks are easily available. Loans are given for good purposes that help to develop the financial and social status of the people. Sometimes these banks organise training program for member to familiars them with the various avenues of the business and regarding proper utilisation of loan money. Disadvantages of Loan from Co-operative bank: These loans are available only to members. Loan from this bank is available only for limited purposes. Co-operative banks depend on the supports of the government. So, government rules and regulations sometimes may be makes in trouble to the borrowers. These bank find it difficult to ensure repayment of loan money due to inadequate information about the need and utilisation of fund by the borrower. There is little scrutiny of the repaying capacity of the loan seeker at the time of granting loan. Medium Term Source of Finance Definition Medium term source of finance means fund does not require more then 3 years. Normally medium term funds are require by business for repairing and maintenance of machinery or other equipment. So firm get this finance from bank or other kind of source. Medium term source of finance: Leasing Public Deposit Mortgage Leasing : Leasing is the method of capital funding requirement. Leasing based on the principal that income is earned from the use of an asset. The advantages and limitations of leasing are following: Advantages of Leasing: Reduced initial cash flow The big advantage of leasing equipment is that the cost is spread over a number of years. You have not to pay the entire amount upfront. This can help to maintain cash flow. Poor cash flow is the main cause of small business and leasing can help you to keep it under better control. Budgeting Normally this is a fixed contract. So the amount can be worked into your business budget much more easily. Tax Advantages lease rentals are considered as an operating cost. So it is possible to deduct them from taxable profits. However, before the contract you should always check the equipment you are buying is eligible or not. Security When you lease the product, you are not owner of this product. It means the leasing company gives better security. You dont need any further security to be able to start a contract. Disadvantages of Leasing: No ownership Main disadvantage is that you are not the owner of the product. It means the leasing company is the owner during and after the lease. As you do not own the product, you are unable to sell it in the event it is no longer needed, and you cannot upgrade to a newer or better product without either paying off the remaining contract, or paying a large fee to cancel the contract. No sell As you are not owner of the product, you can not sell it. If you do not longer needed, you have to pay large fee to cancel the contract. Termination Leases are very difficult to terminate early. Long term expense Although leasing allow you to avoid paying a large amount, but after a long time it works out considerably more expensive. Over the period of standard lease, you pay the actual cost of product and other charges. Maintenance You are responsible for maintenance of the product. If you have not trained employee to fix the equipment, this could be more costly in the serio us fault. Some leasing company will allow you to cover maintenance cost but you have to pay some extra amount. Commitment Once you signed a lease contract, you are committed to making payment for the entire lease period even you stop using a property. Public Deposit : It is very old and popular source of finance. When modern banks were not established, people used to deposit their saving with reputed business. The maturity period for public deposit is minimum 6 months and maximum 3 years. The advantages and disadvantages of public deposit are following: Advantages of Public Deposit: Easy to deposit The method of borrowing money from public is very easy. It does not require many legal formalities. It has to be advertised to be newspaper. Easily available If companies have good reputation, they are able to obtain funds directly from public without any more financial difficulties. Income tax purpose Interest paid on this deposit is a deductible expenses for income tax. Fix rate The rate of interest on this deposit is fixed, it helps the company to play trading on equity, if the company is earning more then the rate of interest paid on public deposit. Flexibility Public deposit bring more flexibility in the structure of the capital of the company. These can be raised when needed and refunded when not needed. Disadvantages of Public Deposit: Insecurity Public deposits have no charge on the assets of the company. So it may be not safe to deposit saving in those companies which are not very popular. Uneconomical The rate of interest paid on public deposit may be low but there are other expenses like commission, which make it uneconomical. Short period Public deposits are available mainly for short period. So company cannot depend on it for a long time. Misuse The management may misuse your deposit. So in this case it is not secure. Bad effect on capital market It is an easy and cheaper source of raising money. Thus, more money deposited with the companies, there will be less investment in securities. Hence the capital market will not grow. Mortgage : A mortgage is a loan specially for the purchase of property. The borrower can use theirs own property as security for the loan. The advantages and limitations of mortgage are following: Advantages of Mortgage: Tax advantage The interest payment on the mortgage are tax deductible. Good cash flow With the use of mortgage, you are able to access to capital that you would not normally have access with nominal up-front payment and the flexibility in management of repayment plan. Cash flow management Mortgage plan are pre-set, so you can make plan for future cash management. Disadvantages of Mortgage: Collateral The nature of a mortgage require you to pledge the purchased property to the lender. When the mortgage is repaid, the owner is obligated to release the mortgage and is require to make available any government formalities. Defaults The lender may define a variety of events that will constitute a default on the mortgage, including failure to make any payment on time, bankruptcy, insolvency and breaches of any obligations in the mortgage agreement. Try to negotiate an advance written notice of any alleged default, with a reasonable amount of time to cure the default. Long Term Source of Finance Definition Long-term source of finance are those that are need over a longer period of time. Generally time duration may be more then 5 years. Long-term finance are needed for fund expansion, set up new office, buying new business or fixed assets like furniture, building, machinery, land etc. Funds require for this business is called long-term finance. The amounts of long-term capital depend upon the scale of business and nature of business. Following various sources of long-term finance and advantages and disadvantages of each source. Long-term source of finance: Shares Equity Share Preference Share Debentures Retained Earning Commercial Bank Loan Borrowing Shares : Shares is the main source of long-term finance. The joint stock companies issue shares to the general public. These shareholders are the owners of the company. There are two types of shares (1) Equity Share (2) Preference Share. Company divides its capital into units of particular value like  £10 each or  £200 each. Each unit is called share. Equity Share Dividend on these shares is paid after the fixed rate of dividend has been paid on the preference share. The rate of dividend is not fixed because it is depend upon the profit available. The equity shareholders control the affairs of the company and have an unlimited interest in the companys profit. The advantages and disadvantages of equity share are following: Advantages of Equity Share: [ For Shareholders ] Income Profit The equity shareholders are the residual claimants of the profit. The company may add to the profit by trading on equity. Thus equity capital may get dividend at high in good period. Rights Equity shareholders have right for voting to right persons as directors who can control and manage the affairs of the company. Transferable These shares are transferable units. The value of equity share goes up in the stock market with increase in profit of the concern. Advantages of Equity Share: [  [5]  For Limited Company ] A company can raised fixed capital by issuing equity shares without creating any charge on its fixed assets. The capital raised by issuing equity shares is not required to be paid back during the life time of the company. It will be paid back only if the company is wound up. There is no liability on the company regarding payment of dividend on equity shares. The company may declare dividend only, if there are enough profits. If a company raise more capital by issuing equity shares, it leads to greater confidence among the investors and creditors. Disadvantages of Equity Share: [ For Shareholders ] Irregular income The dividend on equity share is subject to availability of profit. If there are preference shareholders, they get first dividend before equity shareholders. Equity shareholders may get no dividend if company has not enough profit. Capital loss During recession period, the profit of the company come down and the rate of dividend also come down. Due to low rate of dividend the market value of equity shares goes down resulting in a capital loss to the investors. Dilution in control Each sale of equity shares dilutes the voting power of the existing equity shareholders. Equity shares are transferable and may bring about centralisation power in few hands. Impossible trading If equity shares alone are issued, the company cannot trade on equity. Over capitalisation If company issue more equity shares may result in over capitalisation. In that condition dividend per share is low which make bad effect on investor. High cost It cost more to finance with equity shares then with other securities as the selling costs and underwriting commission are paid at a higher rate on the issue of these shares. Speculation Equity shares of good companies are subject to hectic speculation in the stock market. Their prices change frequently which are not in the interest of the company. Disadvantages of Equity Share: [  [6]  For Limited Company ] No trading on equity Trading on equity means ability of a company to raise fund through preference shares, debentures and bank loan etc. On such funds the company has to pay at a fixed rate. This enables equity shareholders to enjoy a higher rate of return when profits are large. The major part of the profit earned is paid to the equity shareholders because borrowed funds carry only a fixed rate of interest. But if a company has only equity shares and does not have their preference shares, debentures or loans, it can not have the advantage of trading on equity. Conflict of interests As the equity share holders carry voting rights, groups are formed to corner the votes and grab the control of the company. There develops conflict of interest which is harmful for the smooth functioning of a company. Preference Share Rising capital by issue of these shares is a most important method of rising long-term funds. Preference shares are the shares, which carry initial rights over th e equity shares. These shares are receiving dividend at a fixed rate. All shareholders gets dividend regularly. The advantages and disadvantages of preference share are following: Advantages of Preference Share: Fixed income The dividend payable on preference shares is on fixed rates even if there is no profit. First right Preference shareholders have first right to get dividend. Thus they enjoy the minimum risk. Less capital losses As the initial right of repayment of their capital in case of winding up he company, it saves them from capital losses. Fair security Preference share are fair security for the shareholders during depression period when profit of the company are down. Disadvantages of Preference Share: No Voting right Preference shareholders have no any voting rights in the company. Fixed income The dividend payable on preference shares is on fixed rates even if the company earns higher profit. No claim on surplus amount The shareholders have no rights to claim on surplus amount. They can only ask for the capital investment in the company. Not secure They cannot be secure on the companys assets. Debentures : Whenever company want to borrow a large amount of money for long but fixed period, it can borrow from the general public by issuing loan certificate called debenture. The holders of the debentures are the creditors of the company. The total amount is divided into units of fixed amount. These are offered to the genera public to subscribe in the same manner as in done in the case of share. A debenture is issued under the common seal of the company. It is a written acknowledgment of money borrowed. For example, if company need  £5,000,000 for 10 years, it will issued debentures. Each cost of debenture may be  £100. Advantages of Debentures: Creditors Debenture holders are the creditors of the company. Allowing control over the company Debenture holders have no right either to vote or take part in the management of the company. Reliable Source These are repayable after a fixed period of time, the company can make the best use of money. It helps long term planning. Tax benefit Interest paid on debenture is treated as a expense and is charged to the profit of the company. Thus the company saves income tax. Safety Debenture are more secure. When the company is winding up, they are repayable before any payment is made to the shareholders. Disadvantages of Debentures: More finance more difficulty Debenture finance enables a company to trade on equity. But more finance leaves little for shareholders, as most of the profits may be require paying interest on debentures. Burden in time of depression During depression time the profit of the company decline. It may be difficult to pay interest on debenture. As interest goes on accumulating, it may lead to the closure of the company. Cant borrow money Usually debentures are secure. The company creates a charge on its assets in favour of debenture holders. So the company, which does not have own enough assets, they cannot borrow money by issuing debentures. Burden As the interest on debenture have to be paid every year whether there are profits or loss. It becomes burden in case of company incurs loses. Retained Earning : The part of the profit which is not distributed among the shareholders but is retained and is used in business is called retained earning. As per Indian company Act. Co mpanies are require to transfer a part of their profit in reserves. The amount so kept in reserve may be used to buy fixed assets. This is called internal financing. Advantages of Retained Earning: Cheap There are no expenses behind earning capital from this source. There is no obligation on the part of the company either to pay interest or pay back the money. It can safely used for business. Financial Stability A company which has enough reserves can face ups and downs in business. Such companies can continue with their business even in depression, thus building up its goodwill. Good for shareholders Shareholders may get dividend out of reserves if the company does not earn enough profit. Due to reserve, there is capital appreciation, i.e. the value of shares go up in the share market. Disadvantages of Retained Earning: If Huge profit This method of financing is possible only then there are huge profits and that too for many years. Dissatisfaction When funds accumulate in reserves, bonus shares are issued to the shareholders to capitalise such funds. Hence the company has to pay more dividend. By retained earning the real capital does not increase while the liability increases. In case bonus shares are not issued, it may create a situation of under-capitalisation because the rate of dividend will be much higher as compared to other companies. Monopoly Through ploughing back of profits, companies increase their financial strength. Companies may throw out their competitors from the market and monopolize their position. Mis-management of funds Capital accumulated through retained earnings encourages management to spend carelessly. Commercial Bank Loan : Some commercial banks giving loans for a long period. i.e. for more than ten year. The period of repayment of long is extended at int ervals long period. Commercial banks provide long term finance to small scale units in the priority sector. Advantages of Commercial Banks Loan  [7]  : It is a flexible source of finance as loans can be repaid when the need is met. Finance is available for a definite period, hence it is not a permanent burden. Banks keep the financial operations of their clients secret. Less time and cost is involved as compared to issue of shares, debentures etc. Banks do not interfere in the internal affairs of the borrowing concern, hence the management retains the control of the company. Loans can be paid-back in easy installments. In case of small-scale industries and industries in villages and backward areas, the interest charged is low. Disadvantages of Commercial Banks Loan : Banks require personal guarantee or pledge of assets and business cannot raise further loans on these assets. In case the short-term loans are extended again and again, there is always uncertainty about this continuity. Too many formalities are to be fulfilled for getting term loans from banks. These formalities make the borrowings from banks time consuming and inconvenient. Borrowing 8 : Most business rely on borrowings as well as equity to finance operations. Lenders enter into a contract with the business in which the rate of interest, dates of interest payment, capital payments and security far the borrowing are clearly stated. In the event that the interest payment or capital payments are net made on the due dates, the lender will usually have the right, under the terms of the contract, to seize the asset on which the loan is secured and sell them in order to reply the amount outstanding, security for loan may take the form at a fixed charge on particular assets at th e business or a floating charge on the whole at its assets. A floating charge will float over the assets and will only fix on particular assets in the event that the business defaults on its borrowing obligations. Advantages of Borrowing  [9]  : Local savers may provide less costly funds; an important habit among clients and the public is rewarded. Lower interest loans provide experience for the company in borrowed funds Local bank become familiar with micro and small enterprise potentials. Access to larger sums more quickly based on track record. Allow longer term projections than grants Provides a discipline similar to that of micro and small enterprise clients. Disadvantages of Borrowing : Too many subsidized loans can retard move to market rate. Loans may be dollarized in inflationary situation. Local banks may not be willing to be cooperative. Early negotiations require a new set of skills and contracts. More tricky cash flow management as principal is repaid. More risky as debt holders can force closure of company Substantial initial collateral requirements. Higher financial costs force organizational decisions and changes.

The United Way Of Champaign County - 1427 Words

oduction I. Attention Getter: In nearly every city you visit, including Champaign and Urbana we see homeless people on the streets II. Relate topic: When we think of the homeless we often think of the corner of Green Sixth, the viaduct on Springfield Avenue, or the entrance to any of the three local Wal-marts. III. Thesis: The United Way of Champaign County utilizes their resources to provide aid to the local homeless population. IV. Preview: To begin we will see how homelessness is a local issue, then I will talk about the homeless programs that were eliminated in 2016, finally I will introduce the United Way of Champaign County. TRANSITION: To begin, we will talk about the growing number of homeless people locally. Body I.†¦show more content†¦b. There are 2 categories within the count sheltered, or living in homeless housing and unsheltered, meaning a car or tent, 18 individuals in the 2016 survey were considered unsheltered this count nearly doubled from the 10 unsheltered in 2015 2. The survey looks at the specific makeup of the homeless population and risk factors that affect the group. a. At least 5 of the individuals surveyed are considered chronically homeless, meaning that they have a disabling condition and have been homeless four or more times in a 3-year span or that they have been homeless for at least a year. b. 23 individuals had a severe mental illness, 28 were addicted to illegal drugs or alcohol, 2 people had HIV or Aids, 18 single men were veterans, and 31 people had been victims of domestic violence. TRANSITION: Next, we will see how funding and service shortages affect the homeless resources in Champaign County. II. MP2: During 2016 financial shortfalls leading to agency cutbacks and closures affected the Champaign County homeless resources. A. A June 2016 The News-Gazette article discussed the programs cut by Community Elements because of funding, this Champaign County agency assists both homeless men through the TIMES program and youths through the Roundhouse program. 1. State of Illinois Budget cuts decreased the Community Elements 2016 budget from 8.4 million dollars at the start of the year to 7.3Show MoreRelatedCommunity Health Status Assessment ( Chsa )1128 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Status Assessment (CHSA) is one phase of MAPP process. It identifies how healthy the residents in Champaign’s County Illinois are, and what is the current health status of the community. CHSA also detects the quality of life of the population within the community (National Association of County City Health Officials, 2014). 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